刍议“非谓语动词”的用法
四川省仪陇县第二中学 李承先
非谓语动词是历年高考的必考点，它们即含有动词的特点，又有名词，形容词，副词的特点。其难度在于它与句子结构、动词本身的用法、以及时态语态直接相关，因此同学们对此语法点总是感到很头痛。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。现在对“非谓语动词”高考考点剖析显得尤为重要的。
考点直击
非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(ing)、现在分词(ing)与过去分词(ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能单独充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。所以,要正确使用非谓语形式,一定要充分理解不同形式所表现的意义,要明确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动”关系，所表示的动作是“过去”“现在”还是“将来”,以及和谓语动词所表示的动作是同步发生还是有先后之分。下面是非谓语结构及其意义一览表：
|
形式 对比 项目 |
动词不定式 (to do) |
动名词 (doing) |
现在分词 (doing) |
过去分词 (done) |
|
意义 |
相当于名词、形容词、副词，往往有将来意味 |
相当于名词，指经常性、习惯性的动作 |
相当于形容词、副词，往往有现在意味 |
相当于形容词、副词，本身兼有被动、完成意义 |
|
充当 句子成分 |
主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语 |
主语、宾语、表语、定语 |
表语、宾补、定语、状语 |
表语、宾补、定语、状语 |
|
形式 对比 项目 |
动词不定式 (to do) |
动名词 (doing) |
现在分词 (doing) |
过去分词 (done) | |
|
形 式 |
主动一 般式 |
to do |
doing |
doing |
done |
|
被动式 |
to be done |
being done |
being done |
无 | |
|
主动完 成式 |
to have done |
having done |
having done |
无 | |
|
被动完 成式 |
to have been done |
having been done |
having been done |
无 | |
|
否定式 |
在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not | ||||
考点一 不定式和动名词作主语
1、动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作， 而不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的行为。如：
Smoking is forbidden in public places.(习惯性的)
It is impossible to go swimming this afternoon.(具体的)
2、不定式及动名词短语作主语时可转换成it作形式主语。如：
It was no use sending him to a hospital.
It's very hard to learn an art.
3、动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。如：
Jack's sudden disappearing made them worried.(不可用Jack)
4、带逻辑主语的动名词结构作主语时，可以和主语从句之间相互转换。如：
His being elected our team leader made us all very excited.＝That he was elected our team leader made us all very excited.他被选为我们的队长，使我们都很兴奋。
5、adj.＋for sb. to do sth.与adj.＋of sb. to do sth.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.，这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，(im)possible等；若形容词是描述人物性格、特性等的形容词brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel，selfish, wicked, wrong等时，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。如：
It's very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
It is kind of you to lend me so much money.
考点二 不定式和动名词作宾语
1、动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语既可以是物主代词或名词的所有格，也可以是人称代词宾格和名词的普通格。如：
She doesn't like Mary/Mary's talking that way.
3、作宾语的动名词和不定式，它们的完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。如：
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
3、接动词不定式作宾语的动词及短语巧记如下：
想要干：want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, claim, would like/love, desire, swear
早打算：plan, prepare, mean, arrange
同意否：agree, promise, undertake, offer, choose, refuse
问问看：ask, beg
决定了：decide, determine, make up one's mind, be determined
尽力干：try, manage(反义词fail), struggle, strive
努力做：make an effort
别装蒜：pretend
4、接动名词作宾语的动词及短语巧记如下：
考虑建议盼原谅：consider，suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon
承认推迟没的想：admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise
否认完成停止赏：deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate
不禁介意准逃亡：can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape
不准冒险凭想象：forbid, risk, imagine
5、接动名词和动词不定式作宾语意义有别的动词：
(1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
(2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
(3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
(4)regret to do对要做的事遗憾(后常跟动词say, tell, inform等)
regret doing对做过的事后悔
(5)try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
(6)mean to do打算，有意要……
mean doing意味着
(7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
(8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)
proposing doing建议(做某事)
6、动词advise/allow/permit/forbid后要跟doing作宾语，跟to do作宾补。如：
We don't allow people to smoke here.
The teacher advised taking a different approach.
7、need, require, want, deserve作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语，表示某事需要被做。be worth后须用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。如：
The road is covered with some fallen trees and they need removing/to be removed immediately.
8、固定句型
(1)There is no good/point/sense/harm＋doing sth. 做某事没用(不好/没意义/没有害处)
(2)have difficulty/trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time/fun＋(in)＋doing
(3)spend/waste/lose time(in)doing sth.
(4)come/become/grow/realize/understand/know等表示心理活动的过程，意为“渐渐地意识到/懂了/知道了……”。
(5)cannot help but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do表示“不得不”。
(6)“Why not＋动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，意为：“为什么不……，干嘛不……？”
(7)“would rather/had better＋(not)＋动词原形”意为“宁愿/最好(不)做某事”。
(8)there be的非谓语形式：
◇作动词expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate宾语时，通常用there to be结构，在mind, object to等后面用there being。如：
We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.
I don't mind there being a chair here.
◇作状语多用there being结构。如：There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.
(9)为避免重复，在hope, expect, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, need, mean, forget, refuse 等动词后面再次出现相同的不定式作宾语时，常出现单独使用的to，而把曾出现过的动词省略掉。但是，如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been时，要保留这些词。如：
John didn't pass his driving test, but I expected him to.
考点三 不定式、动名词和分词作表语
1、不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。如：
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
His hobby is collecting stamps.
2、表心理状态的interesting, exciting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等现在分词式形容词作表语时，强调外在的表象，意为“令人……的”；interested, excited, disappointed, encouraged, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, pleased等，强调主观的感受，意为“感到……的”。
3、get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词后都可跟done，表示被动或主语的状态。如：remain seated/hidden，get paid/dressed/changed/stuck/hurt/injured/burnt等。
考点四 不定式、动名词和分词作定语
1、不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别：to do/to be done作定语一般表示未来动作；done表示已经完成的或表被动完成的动作；being done 表示被动的、进行的动作；doing表示正在进行的动作或者经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态；现在分词的完成式一般不作定语。如：
(1)The Computer Centre built last year(去年建造的)…
being built now(现在正在建造的)…
to work in our school next year(明年将在我校运行的)…
(2)The professor working in our school now(现在在我校工作的)…
【温馨提示】
(1)动名词作定语常表示用途或材料；
(2)现在分词的完成式通常只能作状语。
2、使用to do/to be done作定语的情况
(1)下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。如：
Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?
(2)不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。如：
There is no one to look after her.
(3)不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。如：
I have a lot of work to do.
【温馨提示】
(1)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面应有必要的介词。如：
He is looking for a room to live in.
(2)如果不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，不定式则用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的被动形式。注意这两句话的区别：
Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的逻辑主语为句子的主语you)
Do you have anything to be washed？(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做)
3、一些形容词化的过去分词表示已完成的动作或所处的状态，意为“已经……的”。如：
a fallen leaf落叶(已经落在地上)→a falling leaf飘零的落叶(尚在空中)
a developed country发达国家→a developing country发展中国家
a risen sun升起的太阳→a rising sun冉冉升起的太阳
4、不宜用现在分词短语作定语的情况：
(1)The man who came this morning is our legal adviser.(√)
The man coming this morning is our legal adviser.(×)
不能用doing表达过去动作。
(2)Is there anyone who can answer this question？(√)
Is there anyone answering this question？(×)
用answering表达can answer的意思是错的。
(3)Those who have finished their work can go home now.(√)
Those having finished their work can go home now.(×)
现在分词的完成式不能作后置定语。
5、drink, learn, sink, light都有两种形式的过去分词，但作定语时，只能用拼写较长的过去分词。如：
a drunken driver 喝醉酒的司机；a learned lawyer 博学的律师；a sunken ship 沉船；a lighted candle 点着的蜡烛。
考点五 不定式和分词作状语
1、不定式和分词作状语，有一般式和完成式，也有主动和被动。完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生。当前后主语一致时，可以按照下列形式选择使用：
(1)to do表示目的或结果(to do＝in order to do/so as to do, 其中so as to do不能放在句首); only to do表示意想不到的结果；thus doing表示自然而然的结果。如：
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.(意想不到的结果)
A terrible storm hit the area, thus causing great damage to the crops.(自然而然的结果)
(2)doing sth.表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作(主动关系)；being＋adj./n.常表示原因；being done强调与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作(“因为正在被……”)。如：
Hearing the news, they got excited.
Being blind, how could they see an elephant?
Being repaired, the car cannot be used today.
(3)done已经发生的被动动作；having done 先于谓语动词发生的动作(主动关系)；having been done先于谓语动词发生的动作(被动关系)。如：
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.
Given(＝Having been given)a wrong number, I couldn't contact him over the phone.
2、too…to do表示肯定的情况
(1)当only too和 all too与动词不定式连用时，表示肯定意义。如：
I'm only too pleased to help you.我很高兴能帮助你。
(2)too ready/anxious/eager/glad/willing(表示心情或情绪)＋to do，其后的动词不定式具有肯定意义，这时too相当于very。
(3)never(not)＋too…to…意为“不会太……所以能……”之意。如：
One is never too old to learn.[谚] 活到老，学到老。
(4)cannot…too/enough…意为“再……也不过分”之意。如：You can never be careful enough while driving.
驾车时越小心越好。
3、devote, absorb, lose, seat, dress, hide等动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语时，可以用它们的－ed形式(devoted, absorbed, lost, seated, dressed, hidden)或－ing＋oneself形式(devoting/absorbing/losing/seating/dressing/hiding oneself)。如：Have you noticed the student lost/losing himself in thought?
4、有些非谓语动词短语已经游离出来，成为固定短语，当作插入语使用。此时，句子的主语与它们不存在逻辑上的一致关系。如：
(1)to tell you the truth实话说， needless to say不用说， to be honest/frank老实说，坦白说， to be more exact更确切地说， to make things worse更糟的是，say that…假设……，not to mention…更不用说……
(2)generally/frankly/roughly speaking一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说，considering…鉴于/考虑到……，judging by/from…从……来看，依据……来判断，supposing/suppose that…假定……，providing that…假定……，according to…依据……，including…包括……，owing to…由于……，talking/speaking of谈及……
(3)given…考虑到……， provided that…如果……
5、独立主格结构的特点
(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
(2)n./pron.与后面的doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep.短语是主谓关系。
(3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。体会：
It being Sunday, we needn't go to school.→Because it is Sunday, we needn't go to school.
6、连词＋分词(短语)
有时，为了使非谓语动词短语与主句的逻辑关系更清楚，可在非谓语动词前加连词。连词有when, while, if, unless, though, after, before等。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须一致。如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
考点六 不定式和分词作宾语补足语
1、hope, welcome, agree, suggest, demand不能跟sb. to do sth.，即不能带补语。
(×)hope sb. to do sth.应改为→wish/expect sb. to do sth.
(×)welcome sb. to do sth.应改为→sb. be welcome to do sth.
(×)agree sb. to do sth.应改为→allow/permit sb. to do sth.
(×)suggest sb. to do sth. 应改为→advise sb. to do sth./suggest sb.(should)do sth.
(×)demand sb. to do sth.应改为→require sb. to do sth./demand sb.(should)do sth.
2、感官动词带宾补的结构。
结构公式(以see为例)：see+宾语+do/doing/done(主动)→主语+be seen to do/doing/done
结构意义：do、to do sth.表示动作的全过程或经常性动作；doing表示主动的、正在进行的动作；done表示完成的、被动的动作(如果是不及物动词则只表示完成的动作)。如：
She was seen to enter/entering the room.
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
此类动词及短语有：see, notice, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find等。
3、get/send 带宾补的结构。
(1)get/send＋宾语＋doing表示“使……起来”，由静止到运动并持续下去。
(2)get＋宾语＋to do＝let/have sb. do表示“让某人做某事”。
(3)get＋宾语＋done＝have sth. done表示“使某事被做”。
(4)send＋宾语＋to do表示“派某人去做某事”。
4、make带宾补的结构。
使役动词make＋宾语＋do/done；宾语与do 为主动关系，与done是被动关系；如make 在被动语态中，to要还原。
6、have带宾补的结构。
(1)have＋sb.＋done意为“让某人被……”
(2)have＋sb.＋doing意为“让某人一直做某事”。
(3)have＋sb.＋do意为“让某人做某事”。
【温馨提示】
have sth. to be done意为“有要做的事情”(不是主语本人做)；have sth. to do意为“有某事要做”(主语本人做)。参考定语用法。
6、keep/leave＋宾语＋doing(主动，且持续进行)/done(被动)。
7、want/order/ask/wish/like＋宾语＋(to be)done(宾语与done之间为被动关系)。
8、be reported(said/believed…)＋to do(to be doing、to have done)sth.意为“据报道(说、认为)要做(正在做、做过了)某事”。
2012高考链接
【2012江西卷】33．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken
【答案】C
【考点】 非谓语动词。
【解析】不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，故选C。
【2012江西卷】35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.
A．offered B．offering C．to offer D．to be offered
【答案】B
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】此处offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。
【2012湖南卷】31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started
【答案】A
【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。
【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D（不定式常表将来），B（being done）一般表进行，也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态 现在分词作定语
【2012湖南】23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use B. used C. using D. use
【答案】B
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词 过去分词作条件状语或时间状语 表被动
【2012湖南】21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。谓语与非谓语动词 不定式的被动语态 作宾语 短语need to be done。
【2012重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.
A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered
【答案】A
【考点】祈使句用法
【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句。由此可知，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。
【2012重庆卷】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
【答案】 A
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行，C表示被动完成，D表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为A选项。
技巧点拨：考查非谓语动词。分析题干的句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，publish与book之间存在被动关系，next month是表示将来的时间状语，因此，空格处表示被动将来，故正确答案为B选项。A表示被动完成；C表示主动将来；D表示被动进行，均不合语境。
【2012重庆卷】23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked
【答案】A
【考点】非谓语动词用法
【解析】逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的B和C选项，D选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正确答案为A选项。
【2012辽宁卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate
【答案】D
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】在句型“主语+be+adj+to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。
【2012辽宁卷】25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.
A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows
【答案】B
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.
【2012四川卷】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found
【答案】 B
【考点】本题考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为：汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故选B。
【2012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound
【答案】 C
【考点】本题考查非谓语动词。
【解析】此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。
【2012四川卷】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash高666考%%
【答案】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。
【考点】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。
【解析】此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。
【2012四川卷】16. I make $
A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a
【答案】 D
【考点】本题考查副词用法。
【解析】副词that表示“那么…”修饰形容词的固定短语为：that + adj. （+ a/ an + n.），相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/ how) big a difference — 那么（如此/多么）大的一个分别（影响）。故选D。
【2012陕西卷】15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行，用动词v-ing的一般式，选A。
【2012陕西卷】22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
【答案】D
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth，故选D。
【2012北京卷】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting
【答案】 D
【考点】考查并列结构。
【解析】并列结构，making与correcting并列。
【2012北京卷】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use
【答案】 C
【考点】非谓语动词考点。
【解析】此处tin和use是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
【2012全国II】15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。
【解析】此处happy to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的状语。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目。
【2012全国II】10. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。
【解析】此处现在分词短语hoping that I’d do as much for him作伴随状语。句意：Tony借给我了钱，希望我加倍还他。
【2012北京卷】32. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
【答案】A
【考点】非谓语考点，目的状语用不定式。
11. 【2012天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.【C】
A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left
【2012全国新课程】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to B. comparing to
C. compare to D. compared to
【答案】D
【解析】此处是被省略的时间状语从句，其相当于：when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting. 这里film和compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。又因为主语一致，所以film被省略。句意：电影的历史短的多，尤其是当它和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。
【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。
【2012全国新课程】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D. permit
【答案】A
【解析】此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。
【考点】考查现在分词的独立主格结构。
【2012山东卷】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________.
A. providing B. provided
C. having provided D. provide
35.【答案】B
【解析】此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。
【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。
【2012山东卷】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling
C. being told D. told
26.【答案】A
【解析】此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。
【考点】考查不定式短语作结果状语。
【2012福建卷】22. 一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
—$4,000, or like that.
A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
【考点】本题考查不定代词用法
【答案】C
【解析】something like that 意为“大致如此，差不多这样”，something在本句中是表示不确定的描述或数量，“大致，左右”的意思。比如：She called at something after ten o’clock.她10点多钟来过电话。It tastes something like melon. 这吃起来有点像甜瓜。They pay six pounds an hour. Something like that. 他们按每小时六英镑付费。大致如此。
【2012福建卷】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
【考点】本题考查固定词组搭配
【答案】C
【解析】prevent sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishing boats和attack是被动关系，所以选择C项，句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。
【2012福建卷】34. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。
【答案】A
【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语，主语与press是被动关系，但是与realize是主动，“被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。本题考查非谓语动词的难度挺大，主要是很多学生看到pressed后就不知道realize在句中做什么成分，所以本题关键有两个，一个是and并列的成分是什么，然后就是realize与主语the boy的关系。
【2012浙江卷】11._______________________________ "It's a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs.
A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. reserved
【考点】非谓语—过去分词
【答案】D
【解析】reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。
【2012浙江卷】8.__________________________________________ I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or____________________________________________ his job.
A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit
【考点】并列结构
【答案】D
【解析】 either…or+并列结构，前后形式上保持一致，由此与study相呼应，故答案选D，用动词原形。
【2012浙江卷】3._____________________________________ No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better_________________________________________________ silent.
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
【考点】非谓语—不定式
【答案】D
【解析】it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that…。当然it也可以做形式宾语，如find/feel it +to do/that….。
【2012江苏卷】31. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base
【考点】非谓语动词—动词现在分词做状语
【答案】B
【解析】动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选B项。
【2012安徽卷】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked
【答案】B
【考点】本题考查非谓语动词，
【解析】此处逻辑主语是Philip, 还原句子 When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
【2012安徽卷】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked
【答案】D
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】此处Remember后面既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，如果选择A，这与后面的before I left the office是相矛盾的，只能选择答案A. C 和D 都是完成时，他们表示比主句动词发生的时间更早，没有必要。
巩固与提高
1. _______________, I can see that those terrible events shaped me into the person I am today.
A. Having looked back B. Looking back
C. Being looking back
2. A strong earthquake ____ widespread destruction in the city center hit New Zealand South Island city of Christchurch．
A．caused B．to cause C．causing D．to have caused
3. The noise from the top floor, loud and constant, of the meeting-room can be clearly heard in our classroom.
A．being decorated B．having been decorated
C．to be de decorated D．decorated
4.—Will you please make yourself _____to us, please?
——I’ m the honorary chairman of the committee.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
A. know B. to know C. knowing D. known
5．Liu Xiang won the gold medal of men’s
A．claimed B．claiming C．has claimed D．to claim
6. The Spanish football team won the South Africa World Cup on July 13th, _____ it the 8th country to have won the World Cup.
A. made B. making
7. I’m tired out．I stayed up the whole night, ______ for my midterm math exam.
A．studying B．to stud
【答案】A
8 The dining room is clean and tidy, with a table already___ for a big meal.
A．laid B．laying C．to lay D．being laid
9. After playing in the park for a few hours, the pupils gathered under trees shade and down to eat their picnic lunch.
A．provided, sit B．providing; sitting C．providing; sat D．provided; sat
10. Cao Cao’s tomb is reported ________ in
A. being found B. to be found
C. having been found D. to have been found
11. ______in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.
A. Being injured B. To be injured
C. Having injured D. Injured
12. alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by himself.
A．To leave B．Leaving C．Left D．Being left
13. Living in the dormitory means to take care of yourself, understand each others ' differences and share interests.
A、to learn, common. B、learning, ordinary
C、to learn, ordinary D、learning, common
14. Time should be made good use of our lessons well.
A. to learn B. learning C. learn D. learnt
15. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself by a young man in black．
A．was followed B．followed C．following D．had been followed
16. Something as simple as vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life.
A．to eat B．eating C．to be eating D．eaten
17. as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.
A．To accept B．Having accepted
C．To be accepted D．Accepting
18. by the growing interest in nature, more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.
A．Influenced B．Influencing
C．Having influenced D．To be influenced
19. well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.
A．Do B．Doing C．Done D．Being done
20. As our eating habits are changing, choosing what is no longer as easy as it once was.
A．eat B．eaten C．to eat D．to be eating
参考答案与解析
1. B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词，这里表示（我）回首过去，用分词。句意：回首过去，我可以看到过去那些可怕的事情把我塑造成了今天的我。
2.C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处earthquake与destruction间为主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：在城市中心产生大面积毁坏的一次强烈地震袭击了新西兰南岛城市Christchurch。
3.A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处为动名词的复合结构作主语，原句相当于：the meeting-room being decorated can be clearly heard of in our classroom。
4.D【解析】主要考查动词词组的固定搭配。make yourself known to 向……自我介绍，固定词组。故选D。译文为：——请问，您能向我们做自我介绍吗？——我是这个委员会的名誉主席。
5.B【解析】主要考查非谓语动词。首先根据逗号判断所填内容为此处非谓语动词，其次claim的动作应该和前文的won平行，故此选择：claiming。根据语境可知句子译文如下：十六届亚运会，刘翔赢得了男子110米跨栏金牌，以13.09秒的成绩获得（claiming）项目冠军。
6.B【解析】考查动词的用法。making引导的现在分词短语作伴随状语，起补充说明的作用。
7.A【解析】主要考查动词的形式。因
8.A【解析】主要考查动词的不同形式B．laying 和D．being laid动词现在分词表“进行”概念，C．to lay不定式表“将来”概念，A．laid过去分词表“完成、被动”概念。题意为:餐厅很整洁，就连桌子都已为吃饭摆好了。由already（已经）知A为最佳答案。
9.C【解析】考查非谓语动词与谓语动词的用法。第一空表示：提供阴凉的树，非谓语带有自己的宾语，为主动结构，应该用现在分词作定语；第二空“坐下来”与“聚集在树荫下”是并列谓语。
10.D【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。前半句是“It’s reported that CaoCao’s tomb has been found in Anyang的另外一种表达方式，表示该动作已经发生，所以用不定式的完成形式。
11.A【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处缺少主语，而现在分词和过去分词不能作主语，排除C项和D项；B项不定式表示未发生的动作，与语境不符。据此选A项，用动名词短语作主语。
12.C【解析】C考查非谓语动词。语意：小男孩被单独留在一个大房子里，他不得不学着独立生存。由had可知lcave这一动作发生在过去，又leave和the little boy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
13. D【解析】非谓语动词和形容词的用法。mean doing sth表示意味着……，mean to do sth表示打算做某事，结合语意可排除A、C两项；common interests意思是共同的兴趣爱好，符合语意。
14. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处的to learn our lessons well是不定式作目的状语。题目中的make use of 利用”是固定短语，of的宾语是前面的time。
15.B【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语意可知，follow和herself之间是动宾关系，因此用动词的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。注意：found后不是句子，A、D两项可直接排除。
16. B【解析】非谓语动词。空格前的as为介词，其后的动词应用其动名词形式。语意：童年时像吃蔬菜这样简单的事也许后来会帮助你预防严重的疾病。
17.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。语意：一项运动项目要被认可为奥运项目，必须至少在四大洲75个以上的国家开展过。动词accept的逻辑主语是a sport，他们之间为动宾关系，此处不定式to be accepted表示目的，符合语意。
18.A【解析】非谓语动词。非谓语动词的解题关键是找准其逻辑主语。在本题中，influence的逻辑主语是more and morepeople，它们之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。D项表示将来，不符合语意。所以这里选A项。
19.B【解析】非谓语动词。句子缺少主语，所以此处用动名词作主语，即Doing well in an inter"view是句子的主语，其他选项都不能充当主语，所以这里选B项。
20.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。连接词what，when，where，how，why，whether等后边可以直接加不定式在句中作宾语，此结构起一个名词性从句的作用，此处的what to eat相当于what weshould／shall／win eat．
