Book 2 Module 3 Grammar
I Adverbial Clause of Time （时间状语从句）
1. when, while, as的特殊用法
（1）when可以表示“这时…常用搭配be doing…when… be about to do…when…
It was raining when we arrived.
I was about to go out when she came in the office.
（2）while表示主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 表对比
（3）as用作连词表时间关系时，意思是“当…时”，往往可以与when和while通用，但它着重指主句和从句的动作或事情同时发生。
I saw him as he was getting off the bus.
“一边…一边…”Zhou Kai said, as he opened the door.
“随着…” As time goes by, as time went by,
2. 一…就… the moment, the minute, the instant
immediately directly instantly
as soon as
on doing = at + n
1) The moment/ As soon as I enter the room, I smelled something wrong.
2) He fell in love with her at the first sight.
on seeing her for the first time.
3. before: It is / will be +时段+ before…
It was +时段+ before…
1) It will be two years before we graduate.
2) It was ten years before we met again.
4. since: It is/ has been +时段+ since (一般过去式)
1) It has been three months since I enjoyed myself so much last time.
2) It has been eight years since I graduated from university.
5. until ___________ not…until_____________(置于句首，句子用___________)
It is/ was not until… that…
1）Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.
2) 直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
II. The Past Perfect Tense （过去完成时）
1. 含义：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或者完成的动作，或在过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到那时的动作或状态。
2. 基本结构：_______________
3. 区别：过去完成时表动作发生在____________；一般过去时表动作发生在________。
By the late 1960s, their music _________________ completely. (change)
In the late 1960s, their music __________________ completely. (change)
4. 过去完成时常与by, be the end of, by the time, before, since等时间状语从句连用。
By the end of last year, we ____________________ 20,000 cars. (produce)
The train _______________ before we reached the station. (leave)
5.固定搭配：hardly… when…/ scarcely…when…/ no sooner… than,翻译成“一…就…”“刚…就…”前半句用过去完成时，后半句用一般过去式。
1) They had hardly been seated when the bus started.
I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out.
注意：hardly/ scarcely/ no sooner提到句首变成倒装句，时态不变。
Hardly had I got home，when the telephone rang．我刚到家，电话就响了。
Exercise:
1. (10全国II)Tom was about to close the windows ______his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if C. and D. till
2. (10安徽) Just use this room for the time being, and we will offer you a larger one ________ it becomes available.
A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until
3. (10陕西)John thinks it won’t be long ________he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
4. (10四川) Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break________ she got to her office.
A. since B. that C. when D. until
5. (09福建) She had just finished her homework________ her mother asked her practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. when B. while C. after D. since
6. –I wonder how much you charge for your services.
--The first two are free________ the third costs $30.
A. while B. until C. when D. before
7. (08辽宁)I used to love that film______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A. once B. when C. since D. although
8. (08福建)Nancy enjoyed herself so much _____she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
9. (11福建)It was April 29, 2011________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
10. (11四川)As it reported, it is 100 years________ Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
11.(11辽宁) He had no sooner finished his speech________ the students started to cheering.
A. since B. as C. when D. than
12. (11浙江) One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away________ my daughter heard cries for help.
A. after B. since C. while D. when
13.Simon thought his computer was broken________ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
14. I do every single bit of housework, ________my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since B. while C. when D. as
15. Several weeks had gone by ________I realized the painting was missing.
A. as B. before C. since D. when
16. It was evening ________we reached the little town of
A. that B. until C. since D. before
17. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
18. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ________ we meet them again.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
19. He was told that it would be at least three more months________ we could recover and return to work.
A. when B. before C. since D. that
20. I thought he was a warm hearted and trustworthy person________ I met him.
A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time
21. He transplanted the little tree to the garden________ it was the best time for it.
A. where B. when D. that D. until
22. Helen ______her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come
23. By the end of last year, we ________ 700 English words.
A. have learned B. learned C. would learn D. had learned
24. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun_______ itself behind the mountain.
A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid
25. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he ________ for the wedding.
A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned
26. –Have you seen Michael recently?
--Yes, in fact I saw him this morning. I ________ him for two years.
A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C. didn’t see D. don’t see
27. It ________ nearly two weeks ________ I had received his letter.
A. is; that B. was; that C. is; since D. was; since
28. –Did you see Mr. Brown off yesterday?
--Well, by the time I got to the airport, the plane________.
A. took off B. would take off C. has taken off D. had taken off
29.(10重庆) The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ________ on the market in 1973.
A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes
30.(09海南) His sister left home in 1998, and ________ since.
A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of D. has not heard of
