英语语法实验班专题训练-非谓语动词：doc全文下载 href="/Upload/UploadFiles//coach_UploadFiles_8112/201311/2013112509380949.doc">高中英语语法实验班专题训练-非谓语动词：doc全文下载
非谓语动词近三年高考试题
★试题（一）
2012高考题
1.【2012江西卷】33．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken
2.【2012江西卷】35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter
him it.
A．offered B．offering C．to offer D．to be offered
3. [2012湖南高考真题]21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
4.【2012重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, ___how your family would feel about your decision.
A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered
5.【2012重庆卷】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
6.【2012重庆卷】23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked
7.【2012辽宁卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate
8.【2012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound
9.【2012四川卷】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash
10.【2012四川卷】16. I make $
A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a
11.【2012陕西卷】15._____ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand
12.【2012陕西卷】22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting
13.【2012北京卷】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use
14.【2012全国II】15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched
15.【2012全国II】10. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped
16.【2012北京卷】32. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
17.【2012天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.
A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left
18.【2012全国新课程】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to
19.【2012全国新课程】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .
A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit
20.【2012山东卷】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______.
A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide
21.【2012山东卷】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told
22.【2012福建卷】22. 一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
—$4,000, or like that.
A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
23.【2012福建卷】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
24.【2012福建卷】34. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
25.【2012浙江卷】11.____________________ "It's a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs.
A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. reserved
26.【2012浙江卷】8.I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or_____his job.
A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit
27.【2012浙江卷】3.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better_____silent.
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
28.【2012江苏卷】31. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base
【试题延伸】(2011·辽宁). _______around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering
29.【2012安徽卷】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked
30.【2012安徽卷】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked
★试题（二）
1.(2011全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.
A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen
2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined
3.(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______ nothing about the argument.
A. says B. said C. to say D. saying
4.（2011北京卷,25）It’s important for the figures ______ regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
5.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,_____ on you feet.
A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept
6.（2011天津卷,7）Passengers are permitted ____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
7.（2011天津卷,12）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated
8.（2011上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ______ newly cleaned and polished.
A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking
9.（2011上海春招,36）______ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park.
A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened
10.（2011上海春招,40）Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars ______ as a carpenter before.
A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working
11.(2011山东卷,27) Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path ______ up to the house.
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
12.（2011江苏卷,31）Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared
13.（2011福建卷,23）Tsinghua University,______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
14.（2011福建卷,27）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ______.
A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
15.（2011安徽卷, 30）Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break
16.(2011浙江卷,3) Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some ____ a life span of around 20 years.
A.having B had C. have D. to have
17.(2011浙江卷,14) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _____ for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
18.(2011浙江卷,19) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city_____by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered
19.（2011四川卷,2）Ladex does’t feel like ____ abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study
20.（2011四川卷,11）Simon made a big bamboo box ______ the little sick bird till it could fly.
A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
21.（2011四川卷,16 __ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer
22.（2011重庆卷,29）More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ______ people’s concern over food safety.
A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised
23.（2011重庆卷,33）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams.
A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind
24.（2011陕西卷,14）Claire had her luggage ______ an hour before her plane left.
A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked
25.（2011陕西卷,20） More highways have been built in China,______ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
26.（2011湖南卷,21）The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself
A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed
27.（2011湖南卷,23）The players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .
A selecting B to selece C selected D having selected
28.（2011湖南卷,29）Do you wake up every morning ___ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
29.(2011辽宁卷,30) ______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering
30.（2011江西卷32）On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office.
A. says B.said C.saying D.to say
31.(2011辽宁卷,23) Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ___ to read fast.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
★试题（三）
1.（10福建25）Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
2.（10福建34）In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
3.（10上海33）Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
4.（10上海35）_____ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
5. （10上海40）Thai is the only way we can imagine ______ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
6.（10安徽30）He had a wonderful childhood, ______ with his mother to all corners of the world
A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling
7.（10湖南21）Listen! Do you hear someone ______ for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
8.（10湖南26）Dina,______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
9.（10湖南30）So far nobody has claimed the money ______ in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered
10.（10江西24）The lady walked around the shops, ______ an eye out for bargains.
A keep B kept C keeping D to keep
11.（10江西32）There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered
12.（10山东23）I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
13. （10天津12）It rained heavily in the south，______ serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
14.（10四川4）A great number of students ______ said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning
15．（10四川17）The lawyer listened with full attention，______ to miss any point．
A．not trying B．trying not C．to try not D．not to try
16.（10全国Ⅰ27）Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
17. （10全国Ⅰ34）With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
18.（10江苏28）The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
19.（10陕西16）_____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
20. （10陕西19）His first book ______ next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published
21.（10全国Ⅱ11）Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised
22.（10湖北72）________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.(paint)
23.（10湖北75）After she completes the project, she’ll have ________（没什么要担心的）. (worry)
24.（10辽宁25）We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found
25.（10辽宁35）Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
26.（10北京21）______ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
27. （10北京25）I'm calling to enquire about the position ______ in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised
28.（10重庆30）The news shocked the public, __to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead
29. （10重庆34）Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
30.（10浙江20）The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
非谓语动词考点突破
2012高考题
1.【2012江西卷】33答案：C考点： 非谓语动词。解析：不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，故选C。
2.【2012江西卷】35答案：B考点：非谓语动词。解析：offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。
[2012湖南高考真题23]||B||因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词 过去分词作条件状语或时间状语 表被动
3.[2012湖南高考真题]21C|因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。谓语与非谓语动词 不定式的被动语态 作宾语 短语need to be done。
4.【2012重庆卷】31.【考点】祈使句用法【答案】A【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句。由此可知，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。
5.【2012重庆卷】28.【考点】非谓语动词【答案】 A 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行，C表示被动完成，D表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为A选项。【难度】困难
技巧点拨：考查非谓语动词。分析题干的句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，publish与book之间存在被动关系，next month是表示将来的时间状语，因此，空格处表示被动将来，故正确答案为B选项。A表示被动完成；C表示主动将来；D表示被动进行，均不合语境。
6.【2012重庆卷】23.【考点】非谓语动词用法【答案】A【解析】逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的B和C选项，D选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正确答案为A选项。【难度】一般
7.【2012辽宁卷】29、【考点】非谓语动词 【答案】D【解析】在句型“主语+be+adj+to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。【难度】较难
8.【2012四川卷】8.【答案与解析】 C 本题考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。
9.【2012四川卷】12.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。
10.【2012四川卷】16.【答案与解析】 D 本题考查副词用法。副词that表示“那么…”修饰形容词的固定短语为：that + adj. （+ a/ an + n.），相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/ how) big a difference — 那么（如此/多么）大的一个分别（影响）。故选D。
11.【2012陕西卷】A9[2012陕西卷]【答案与解析】A 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行，用动词v-ing的一般式，选A。
12.【2012陕西卷】A9[2012陕西卷]【答案与解析】D 考查非谓语动词。所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth，故选D。
23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting
23. D。并列结构，making与correcting并列。
13.【2012北京卷】27. C。非谓语动词考点。tin和use是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
14.【2012全国II】【答案】A【解析】此处happy to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的状语。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词的用法。
15.【2012全国II】【答案】A【解析】此处现在分词短语hoping that I’d do as much for him作伴随状语。句意：Tony借给我了钱，希望我加倍还他。
16.【2012北京卷】32. A。非谓语考点，目的状语用不定式。
17.【2012天津卷】【C】
18.【2012全国新课程】32【答案】D【解析】此处是被省略的时间状语从句，其相当于：when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting. 这里film和compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。又因为主语一致，所以film被省略。句意：电影的历史短的多，尤其是当它和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词的用法。
19.【2012全国新课程】28. 【答案】A【解析】此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，故weather保留，作permitting逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。【考点定位】考查现在分词的独立主格结构。
20.【2012山东卷】35.【答案】B【解析】此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词的用法。
21.【2012山东卷】26.【答案】A【解析】此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。【考点定位】考查不定式短语作结果状语。
22.【2012福建卷】22. 【考点】本题考查不定代词用法【答案】C 【解析】something like that 意为“大致如此，差不多这样”，something在本句中是表示不确定的描述或数量，“大致，左右”的意思。比如：She called at something after ten o’clock.她10点多钟来过电话。It tastes something like melon. 这吃起来有点像甜瓜。They pay six pounds an hour. Something like that. 他们按每小时六英镑付费。大致如此。【难度】中等
23.【2012福建卷】28.【考点】本题考查固定词组搭配【答案】C【解析】prevent sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishing boats和attack是被动关系，所以选择C项，句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。【难度】一般
24.【2012福建卷】34.【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。【答案】A【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语，主语与press是被动关系，但是与realize是主动，“被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。本题考查非谓语动词的难度挺大，主要是很多学生看到pressed后就不知道realize在句中做什么成分，所以本题关键有两个，一个是and并列的成分是什么，然后就是realize与主语the boy的关系。
25.【2012浙江卷】11.【考点】非谓语—过去分词【答案】D【解析】reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。【难度】中等
26.【2012浙江卷】8.【考点】并列结构【答案】D【解析】 either…or+并列结构，前后形式上保持一致，由此与study相呼应，故答案选D，用动词原形。【难度】中等
27.【2012浙江卷】3. 【考点】非谓语—不定式【答案】D【解析】it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that…。当然it也可以做形式宾语，如find/feel it +to do/that….。 【难度】中等
28.【2012江苏卷】31. 【考点】非谓语动词—动词现在分词做状语【答案】B【解析】动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选B项。
【试题延伸】(2011·辽宁). ______around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering
点拨. C。题意：游客们围在火堆旁，与当地人一起跳舞。本题考查非谓语动词。句子主语the tourists是动词gather的执行者，二者是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
29.【2012安徽卷】30. B是正确答案，本题考查非谓语动词，逻辑主语是Philip, 还原句子 When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
30.【2012安徽卷】24.Remember后面既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，如果选择A，这与后面的before I left the office是相矛盾的，只能选择答案A. C 和D 都是完成时，他们表示比主句动词发生的时间更早，没有必要。
2011年高考题
1.(2011全国卷,27)答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。
2.(2011全国卷II,15)答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。
3.(2011全国卷II,18) 答案 D 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。
4.（2011北京卷,25）答案 A 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。
5.（2011北京卷,33）答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。
6.（2011天津卷,7）答案 A 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passeagers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式.
7.（2011天津卷,12） B 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。
8.（2011上海春招,34）答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。
9.（2011上海春招,36）答案 A 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。
10.（2011上海春招,40）答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。
11.(2011山东卷,27) 答案 A 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。”leading作为path的后置定语，相当于which leads。选A。
12.（2011江苏卷,31）答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论，该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。”句子的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。由此可见，原句不缺主干成分，“ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets”该部分是来修饰survey的，做后置定语。排除C作谓语动词的选项。由于prices作compare的宾语，是主动形式，所以选B。
13.（2011福建卷,23）答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系，to be founded不定式表将来。founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，故选C。
14.（2011福建卷,27）14.答案 D 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“iPad 2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。hold与前面的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系，故用主动式。因此，选D。
15.（2011安徽卷, 30）答案 D 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Tom问糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。to break与the chocolate存在着动宾关系，故用主动式的不定式，选D。
16.(2011浙江卷,3)答案 A 解析：考查独立主格结构。句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。
17.(2011浙江卷,14) 答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字表达自己。”lose是及物动词，A、C、D项都是主动式，空格后没有lose的宾语，故用过去分词lost当形容词用，作find themselves的宾语补足语。选B。
18.(2011浙江卷,19)答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。”A项being cheered正在进行；B项be cheeresd是谓语原形；D项were cheered也是谓语，但句中已有谓语are going to；C项to be cheered表示将来，同时也表示被动。根据语境，选C。
19.（2011四川卷,2）答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Ladex不愿意去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。”feel like doing sth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。
20.（2011四川卷,11）答案 D 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Simon制作了一个大竹盒来养这只生病的小鸟，直到它能飞起来。”make a big bamboo box的目的是为了keep the little sick bird，因此选D表示目的状语。A项构成使役用法，大竹盒无生命力，不能执行这个动作；B项是谓语词，与句中made冲突；C项是伴随状语，表示made与keep同时进行。根据句意选D。
21.（2011四川卷,16答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，这就有了成名的机会。”offer sb. sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系，故选C。
22.（2011重庆卷,29）答案 A 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“据政府官员说，为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。”raising表示伴随；to have raised表示动作已发生；having raised表示动作先发生；to raise表示目的状语，事情还没有发生，是前面“将制作更多的电视节目”的目的，因此，选A。
23.（2011重庆卷,33）答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Michael在他的床头贴了姚明的照片提醒自己不要忘了自己的梦想。”空格前的himself与动词remind之间存在着被动关系。故选C。
24.（2011陕西卷,14）答案 D 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Claire在登机前一小时她携带的行李接受了检查。”have sth. done“让…被做”。逻辑主语是her luggage，和check的关系是被动关系，所以答案选择D。
25.（2011陕西卷,20）答案 A 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点。”空格后面是it，说明是主动关系，排除B；不能选择C的原因是to do做目的状语，不符合句意；答案选择A，表示结果。
26.（2011湖南卷,21）A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed
答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。句意为“想法重要，提出想法的能力也同样重要。”express 修饰的是ability, 为主动关系，排除B和D表示被动的选项；ability作为一个抽象名词，通常使用动词不定式做定语，联系到短语be able to do sth，不难推断正确选项为C。
27.（2011湖南卷,23）答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词做定语的用法。句意为“人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。”select修饰players, 为被动关系，只有C选项表被动。故选C。
28.（2011湖南卷,29）答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？”wake up作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel。to feel表将来，与wake up组成一先一后的动作关系，felt 作为过去分词表被动，与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选C，feeling作伴随状语。
29.(2011辽宁卷,30) 答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“游客们围绕在火堆旁边，与当地人一起跳舞。”gather的动作由the tourists执行,用主动形式,并与dance同时进行,故选C，表示伴随。
30.（2011江西卷32）答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。“在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后，Gorden先生立刻从办公室冲回家。”非谓语动词修饰phone call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。选C。
31.(2011辽宁卷,23)答案 C 解析：考查疑问副词 + to do的用法。句意为“有二十名学生想听旨在提高阅读速度的课程。”fast提示了方式，how + to read fast等同于名词，作teach的宾语。故选C。
2010年高考题
1.（10福建25）答案：A 考点：非谓语动词 解析：表示伴随。从 “were working”可以判断是进行时态，排除C。
2.（10福建34）答案：B考点：remain后接动词的用法 解析：remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。
3.（10上海33）答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A.
4.（10上海35）答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：考察现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
5. （10上海40）答案：B考点：此处考查非谓语动词。解析：此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do……,we can imagine 做定语，前面省略了that.
6.（10安徽30）答案：D.考点：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。解析：主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作原因状语。
7.（10湖南21）答案：A考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。Hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。
8.（10湖南26）答案：C考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：该，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。
9.（10湖南30）答案：A考点：考查非谓语动词 解析：该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，根据the money与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。
10.（10江西24）答案：C考点：考察非谓语。解析：句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。
11.（10江西32）答案：B.考点：考察非谓语。解析：演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.
12.（10山东23）答案：B考点：本题考查非谓语动词的使用。解析：句意应为“这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end
of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语
13. （10天津12）答案：C.考点：考查非谓语动词。句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。
解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。
14.（10四川4）答案：C考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。解析： question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。
15．（10四川17）答案：B考点：考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。解析：句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。
16.（10全国Ⅰ27）答案：C句意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done, being done, done，to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示用作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。
17. （10全国Ⅰ34）答案：B句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后，但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明，而是说明取钱的目的，因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的，因此选择B。
18.（10江苏28）选A.enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果
19.（10陕西16）选A.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓
语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词
20. （10陕西19）选B.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做后置定语，由时间状语next month可
知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，选B。
21.（10全国Ⅱ11）【答案】C【解析】省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised，主语一致，省略主语和系动词。
22.（10湖北72）答案：“painted”。考点：非谓语动词解析：过去分词作状语，主语 “the building”是动作 “paint”的作用对象
23.（10湖北75）答案：nothing to worry about 考点：不定式作后置定语. 解析：动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系，由于 “worry” 是不及物动词，后面须加上加上介词 “about”。
24.（10辽宁25）答案：B句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。解析：考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。
25.（10辽宁35）答案：D句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。解析：考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
26.（10北京21）答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：look与句子主语I为主动关系，因此用looking.
27. （10北京25）答案：A考点:本题考查非谓语动词。句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。解析：the position肯定是被advertise，此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised
28.（10重庆30）答案C考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：句意为：这个消息使公众震惊，也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news和lead之间是主谓关系，并作shocked的伴随状语，所以用leading。
29. （10重庆34）答案D考点：考查非谓语动词。解析： the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系，由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后，所以用to be repaired.
30.（10浙江20）D考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule；谓语动词：says；宾语从句：young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干 为：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。
非谓语动词经典用法及考点
★命题规律
1.考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。
2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。
★命题趋势
不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。
★解题思路
① 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；
② 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；
③ 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；
④ 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：
I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。
I heard the English song sung many times.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)
2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）
leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。）
如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.
客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）
3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。
① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如
I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.
此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）
get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来
如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.
农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：
I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事
如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语：
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如：
① An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots.
② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.
③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
如：At that time, I found him crying in the street.
He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
★不定式、分词作定语用法要点
一、不定式作定语
1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
Here is some paper for you to write on.
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in).
We found a way to solve this problem (in).
2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）
Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：
不定式表将来：
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：
He was the best man to do the job.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：
Do you have the ability to read and write English ?
I have a chance to go sight –seeing.
二、分词作定语
1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V –ing; being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V –ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：
The houses being built are for the teachers.
The broken glass is Tom’s.
I have never seen a more moving movie.
2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V –ing 和过去分词。V –ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：
falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）
三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别
这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：
Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?
He is a man loved and respected by all.
Don’t use words, expression_r_rs, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge.
现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students.
不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。
如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
★不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点
一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help
此外，afford, strive（斗争） 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：
① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.
二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk
此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
① The squirrels was lucky that they just missed being caught.
② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情
try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
I’d like to go swimming this weekend.
3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：
allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.
allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.
如：We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
4．动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：
need / require / want doing / to be done
need / require / want sb. to do sth.
be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
be worth doing be worthy of being done
be worthy of + n. 值得…… be worthy to be done
如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.
The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦一下。
The place is worth visiting.
The place is worthy of a visit.
The place is worthy of being visited.
The place is worthy to be visited.
那个地方值得一去。
如：① only one of these books is worth reading.
② — What do you think of the book ?
— Oh, excellent, It’s worth reading a second time.
四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh – 引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。
注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：
He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)
I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)
Can you tell me why do it ?
五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：
We could do nothing but / other than wait.
We had nothing to do but / other than wait.
We have no choice but to wait.
I can’t choose but laugh.
★不定式、分词作状语用法要点
一、不定式作状语
He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)
They went there to visit their teacher. 他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的）
He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）
My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.
我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。（表示结果）
在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：
I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。
I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。
在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：
He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。
注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。
To look at him, you would like him. (表条件)
To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.
To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)
二、分词作状语
1．分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
2．分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：
Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)
Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)
Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)
Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)
The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
Generally speaking … 一般说来 Frankly speaking … 坦白地说
Judging from … 根据……来判断 Considering … 考虑到……
To tell you the truth … 说实话
★非谓语动词其它用法
一、疑问词 + 不定式结构
疑问词（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：
I didn’t know what to do. (宾语)
When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主语)
My question was how to get so many books. (表语)
注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?
二、不定式的主动和被动
1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：
Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ? (A knife cuts the watermelon.)
2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：
She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)
I know what to do. (I do what.)
3．不定式作表语形容词的关语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。如：
This book is difficult to understand.
This kind of fish is nice to eat.
4．在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：
There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )
There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )
请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：
There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)
There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)
三、不定式符号to 的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。
如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：
I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.
— Are you on holiday ?
— No, but I’d like to be.
— I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那个消息。
— Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本应该告诉他的
四、动名词作主语
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It is / was no use / good + doing sth.
It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.
It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.
It is / was useless
如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is of little good staying up too late every day.
每天都熬夜没有什么好处
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
五、注意以下表达的意义区别
falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶
boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.
The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. )
看到蛇，女孩尖叫起来。
His frightening shout scared the boys again.
The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. 他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。
类似的还有：
an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音
a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情
