英语语法十六种时态：doc全文下载 href="/Upload/UploadFiles//coach_UploadFiles_8112/201311/2013112509333760.doc">高中英语语法十六种时态：doc全文下载
英语十六种时态
英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)
一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时
现在 study be studying have studied have been studying
过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying
将来 will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying
过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
1. 一般现在时
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B) 习惯用语。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。）
D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）
How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）
F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情。
例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）
2. 现在进行时(be doing)
用法：现在正在进行的动作。
3. 现在完成时(have done)
用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell
答案是C) haven't sold。
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。
例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。
C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）
注意事项：A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。
例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（终端动词）
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。
例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。）
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成时。
例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。）4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。
例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）
注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
例：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked B) is leaking
C) leaked D) has been leaking
从本题上下文看，这两个句子的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time，表示谓语动作延续，谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。
5. 一般过去时
用法：A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。
例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）
He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）
C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）
Would you mind my sitting here? (您介意我坐在这里吗?)
注意事项：A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或
过去曾经"，要求加动词原形；后者表示"习惯于"，要求加名词或动名词。
6. 过去完成时(had done)
用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.
A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard
全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中：A) didn't hear，因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。C) hasn't heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。
注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（刚才有人在我们的房间里，因为我们打开前门进来时，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。）
分析：虽然时间状语是just now，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。
7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)
用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。）
注意事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。
8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)
用法：A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）
B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前门时我正在洗头发。）。
注意事项：其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时
9. 一般将来时
用法：A) 基本结构是will / shall do。
例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）
B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）
C) 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。
例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）
D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）
E) "be to do"的5种用法：
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）
b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）
c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may）
例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。
例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或if ……should）
例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.（教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。）
例：I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
注意事项：
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately, the moment, directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。
例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）
10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）
注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。
11. 将来完成时(will have done)
用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
D) has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A)，因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测，而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性，但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时，表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以也不正确。
注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。
12)将来完成进行时：shall have been doing ，will have been doing
例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）（被动语态）
13)过去完成进行时：had been doing
例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。）（此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。）（被动语态）
14) 过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing 例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。）（此句为被动语态）
15) 过去将来完成时：should have done , would have done
例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。）（此句为被动语态）
16) 过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing
例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. （他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
初中英语时态专项练习100题和答案
1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back
A. come B. comes C. will come D. came
2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.
A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies
3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.
A. cathcs…dances B. catches… dances
C. catchs…dancees D. catches… dancee,
4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.
A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies
C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy
5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.
A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive D. receive
6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?
A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do
7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.
A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does
C. Does…has…has D. Does… have…does
8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?
A. does …gives B. does… give C. do… give D. gives
9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.
A. does he…No B. does he…Yes
C. doesn’t he…No D. doesn’t he…Yes
10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
A. goes…doesn’t B. goes…isn’t
C. doesn’t go…does D. doesn’t go…is
11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching
12. We’ll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.
A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed
13. Neither I nor he ______ French.
A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak
14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.
A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.
A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries
16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.
A. swimming… playing B. swimming…plaiing
C. swimming… I playing D. swimming…plaing
17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .
A. playing… dance B. playing… dancing
C. play… dancing D. play… dance
18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?
A. Does…gets B. Does…get C. Is…getting D. Is…geting
20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes
C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
21. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday.
A. go…go B. am going… go C. go… am going D. am going…am going
22. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ?
A. have…do B. have…don't
C. are having…are D. are having… aren’t
23. You ______ about the future now, ______ you ?
A. don't think…don't B. aren't thinking… aren’t
C. don't think… do D. aren’t thinking… are
24. She always???????????????? ______ something whenever she ______.
A .studied…played B. studied…plaied
C.. studied…plaied D. studied… played
25. He often _____ late in the forest. It _____ me very much.,
A. stayed…worried B. staied… worried
C. stayed…worryed D. staied… worried
26. I ______that the boy _____ with no tears in his eyes.
A. noticed… cryed B. noticed… cried
C. noticed…cried D. noticed… cryed
27. We _____the floor and _____ all the windows.
A. mopped… cleanned B. moped… cleaned
C. mopped…cleaned D. moped… cleaned
28. When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy.
A. visited… jumpped B. visited… jumped
C. visited… jumped D. visited… jumpped
29. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they ______.
A. Did they have… did B. Did they have… had
C. Had they… had D. Had they… did
30. ____ you _____out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I ______.
A. Did…went…went B. Did… go… went
C. Did… went… did D. Did… go… did
31. _____ Jack _____ on with his work or ______ to have a rest?
A. Did… went… stopped B. Did… go… stop
C. Did… went… stop D. Did… go… stopped
32. You gave them a talk two days ago, _____you ? Yes, I ______.
A. did… did B. did… gave C. didn't… did D. didn't… gave
33. ____ your brother _____ a letter to ? My father.
A. Who… wrote B. What…wrote
C. Who did…write D. What did… write
34. They _____ about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often ____ such talks
A. talked…had B. talk…have
C. were talking…had D. are talking…have
35. He ______ some cooking at that time, so _____ me.
A. did… heard B. did… didn't hear
C. was doing… heard D. was doing… didn't hear
36. “ _____ you angry then?" "They_ too much noise.”
A. Are…were making B. Were…were making
C. Are…made D. Were… made
37. This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike. He _____ TV.
A. repaired… didn't watch B. was repairing… watched
C. repaired… watched D. was repairing… wasn't watching
38. We _____ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.
A. were waiting… waiting B. were waiting… wait
C. waited… waiting D. waited… wait
39. When you _____ at the door, I _____ some washing.
A. knocked… did B. was knocking… did
C. knocked… was doing D. knock… am doing
40. The boy_____ English on the radio when I _____ his door.
A. learned… was opening B. was learning… opened
C. learned… opened D. is learning… open
41. When they______ through the forest, a bear _____ at them.
A. walked… was coming B. were walking… came
C. were talking… comes D. walk… is coming
42. A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .
A. watched… was finishing B. was watching… finished
C. watched… finished D. was watching… was finishing
43. While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kack.
A. did… made B. was doing… made
C. was doing… was making D. did… was making
44. I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _____ to work.
A. was teaching… didn't go B. taught… didn't go
C. was teaching… went D. taught… went
45. He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.
A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made
46. I ______ a letter at nine last night.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing
47. The teacher_____ (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom.
A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving
48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _______.
A. last Sunday B. next Sunday
C. every Sunday D. this Sunday
49. We ______ class meeting this November.
A. had B. have C. will have D. are having
50. He ______ in his garden every morning next year.
A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working
51. Be careful. The train ______.
A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming
52. Look at those clouds. It _____ soon, I’m afraid.
A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. won’t rain
53. The radio says it ______ the day after tomorrow.
A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows
54. _____ he _____ some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?
A. Will…does B. is going to do C. is…doing D. Shall… do
55. What day _____ it ______ tomorrow ? Wednesday.
A. is… going to be B. will…be C. shall…be D. does…be
56. The boy _______ sixteen years old next year.
A. is going to be B. is growing to be C. will be D. is
57. _____ you ____ me up at six, please ?
A. Are…going to wake B. Are…waking C. Will…wake D. Do…wake
58. If he ______ to college, he _____ a lot more.
A. will go…will learn B. will go…is going to learn
C. is going… is going to learn D. goes… will learn
59. When she _____ next time ,l ______ her everything.
A. is going to come…shall tell B. will come…shall tell
C. comes…will tell D. come…will tell
60. What day ____ it ____ tomorrow ? It ____Tuesday.
A. is…going to be… is B. will…be…will
C. is…going to be…is going D. will be…will be
61. She _____that she _____ her best to help them the next term.
A. says…will do B. said…will do
C. said… would do D. says…would do
62. People _____ that the Smiths _____ for a holiday next week.
A. say… will go B. said… will go
C. said… would go D. say…would go
63. Nobody _____ us that he _____ even stricter with us
A. tell…will be B. tells…would be
C. told…will be D. told…would be
64. Please _____ him that we _____ able to help him.
A. tell…will be B. tells… would be
C. told…will be D. told… would be
65. Jack _____ that they _____ surprised to see it this Friday.
A. know… would be B. knows… will be
C. knew… would be D. knew… will be
66. I _____to know if Mary_____ by train that afternoon.
A. want… would go B. want… will go
C. wanted… would go D. wanted… will go
67. _____ he _____ that they _____ home tomorrow?
A. Does… learn… would go B. Does… learn… will go
C. Did… learn… would go D. Did… learn… will go
68. We _____ that they _____ a sports meet tomorrow.
A. learn… would have B. have learned… would have
C. learn… will have D. have learned… will have
69. ____ you _____ that he _____ his lost son one day ?
A. Do…think…will find B. Do…thought…would find
C. Did…think…will find D. Did…thought…would find
70. I _____ that you _____ good care of her that day.
A. thought…will take B. thought…would take
C. think… will take B. think… would take
71. The visitors _____ where they _____ a short test.
A. ask… would take B. ask… will take
C. asked… would take D. asked… can take
72. John ____ sure that he ____ good at chemistry soon.
A. be… will be B. is, would be C. was… will be D. was… would be
73. She ____ ill so she ____ able to go skating the next day.
A. is… won't be B. is… wouldn't be
C. was… won' be D. was… wouldn't be
74. He _____ the thief to the police when he _____ the man again.
A. would take… would meet B. would take…met
C. will take… will meet D. will take… meet
75. Mother ____ me a new coat yesterday, I _____ it on. It fits me well.
A. has made…have tried B. made…have tried
C. has made…tried D. made…tried
76. “ He ____ to draw horses already .” “ When ____he ?”. “ Last year. “
A. learned…has B. learned…did
C. has learned…has D. has learned…did
77. Tom ____ up into the tree. Look, he _____ high up there !
A. has got… is B. has climbed… was
C. got… was D. climbed… is
78. _____you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we _____ it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…did B. Have… copied…have
C. Have… copied… did D. Did …copy…had
79. “Why she angry?" "Because he _____ at he just now.
A. did… get, shouted B. has…got…shouted
C. did… get… has shouted D. has…got…has shouted
80. _____ you ______ the film before ? Where ____ you _____ it ?
A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch
C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen
81. You _____ me waiting for two hours. I _____ for you since five.
A. Kept…waited B. have kept…waited
C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited
82. Where _____John _____? To the library. He _____ there for an hour.
A. has… been … has gone B. has…gone…has been
C. did… go… went D. did…be…went
83. _____ the baby still _____ ? No, it ______ crying.
A. Has… cried… has stopped B. Is…crying…stopped
C. Did… cry… stopped D. Is…crying…has stopped
84. I _____ the way. I ______ here for quite many years.
A. knew… have lived B. knew… live
C. know… have lived D. know… live
85. _____ you ever _____America ? Yes, I have.
A. Have… gone to B. Have… gone in
C. Have… been to D. Have… been in
86. My brother _______ college for over three years.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. has been in D. has been for
87. He _____ the Army by the end of 1992. He ____ in the army since then.
A. joined…is B. has joined…has been
C. had joined…is D. has joined… has been
88. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten metres.
A. came…have climbed B. came…had climbed
C. come…have climbed D. had come…climbed
89. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock. Then he____ a test.
A. went…took B. went…had taken
C. had gone…took D. had gone…had taken
90. We _____ out by that time that he ____ a thief for a long time.
A. had found…had been B. had found…was C. found…had been D. found…was
91. Before the new _____ him, he ____ to know about it.
A. reaches… has got B. reached…had got C. reached… got D. had reached…got
92. I _____ him a second letter before I _____ from him.
A. wrote… heard B. wrote… had heard C. had written… heard D. have written… hear
93. We _____ in a good harvest because we ______ enough rain.
A. didn't get… had had B. got… had had C. had got… had bad D. got… hadn't had
94. They ____for five hours when they ____ in New York.
A. flew…arrived B. had flown…had arrived C. flew…had arrived D. had flown…arrived
95. She ____ that ____ it for two days by that day.
A. says…has rained B. says…had rained C. said… had rained D. said…rained
96. John _____ there since the year before, so he ____ them.
A. had worked…knew B. had worked….had known
C. worked…knew D. worked…had known’
97. He _____ angry because he _____ for a long time.
A. had got…had waited B. got…waited C. had got…waited D. got…had waited
98. Paper _____ first invented in China.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
99. The Greens _____ China for five years.
A. has been in B. have been in C. went to D. has gone to
100.There _____ an eraser under the desk. Is it yours ?
A. is B. has C. was D. had
答案：
1—5 BABDB 6—10 CDDBA 11—15 BBCCD 16—20 CBDCC
21-25 BDDDA 26—30 BCBAD 31—35 BCCCD 36—40 BDACB
41-45 BDCAC 46—50 BDDCA 51—55 DACBB 56—60 CCDCD
61-65 CADAB 66—70 CBDAB 71—75 CDDBB 76—80 DACBA
81-85 DBDCC 86—90 DDBCA 91—95 BCBDC 96-100 ADCBA
初中英语时态总结
动词的时态
英语共有16种时态,根据近几年曝光的四,六级考卷分析,时态测试重点主要有:完成时态——现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时;进行时态——现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,完成进行时;一般时态.
一,一般时态
1,一般现在时
(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等连用.例如:
1)The moon moves round the earth..
2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.
(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时.例如:
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定,计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等.例如:
1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.
(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时.例如:
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2)You'll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.
2.一般过去时
(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的,可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词,短语或从句连用.例如:
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示过去习惯性动作.例如:
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)
3.一般将来时
1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态.例如:
I shall graduate next year.
2)几种替代形式:
1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情.例如:
I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有"必要"的强制性意义.例如:
I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情.例如:
He was about to start.
4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事.例如:
The train is due to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态.例如:
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.
二,进行时态
1.现在进行时
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用.例如:
Don't disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用.例如:
My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情.具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词.即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词.常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等.例如:
They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示"感觉,感情,存在,从属"等的动词.如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词).但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态.例如:
1)Tom looks pale. What's wrong with him
(look在此为联系动词,意为"显得,看上去")
2)Tom is looking for his books.
(look在此为实义动词,意为"寻找")
2.过去进行时
过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用.例如:
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3.将来进行时
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作.常用来表示礼貌的询问,请求等.例如:
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening
4.完成进行时
(现在,过去,将来)完成进行时是(现在,过去,将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述.
三,完成时态
完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作.它可分为:
1.现在完成时
(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用).例如:
1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since, for, during, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等.例如:
1)I haven't been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasn't enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中:
This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时.例如:
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
2.过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成.例如:
1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望,预期,意图或愿望等没有实现.例如:
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.
另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式是:
1)was / were + to have done sth,例如:
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.
2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如:
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:
1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时.例如:
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时.例如:
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时.例如:
The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.
3.将来完成时
将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测.常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等.例如:
1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o'clock.
3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
4.完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时.
(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻.例如:
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it.
(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻.例如:
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻.例如:
By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
四:时态一致
时态一致是英语四,六级考试的一个重要内容.通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态.一般原则是:
1,当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态
He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
"Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house " "Yes, but I don't know who bought it."
"There's a lot of excitement on the street."
"There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned "
2,当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态
He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.
He said his father had been an engineer.
3,当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时.例如:
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
注:在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时.
4,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况
利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令,请求,要求,建议,劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则.例如:
We insisted that we do it ourselves.
动词的语态
语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.
1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态)
2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态)
1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语
(1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用.如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of.
(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态.
2.被动语态的时态形式
常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式.
表1
时 SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般时 进行时 完成时
现在 am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
过去
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
将来 shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
过去 should be asked should have been asked
将来 would be asked would have been asked
3.短语动词的被动语态
短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略.例如:
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4."get + -ed分词"的被动语态
"get + -ed分词"结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件.例如:
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
另外,"get + -ed分词"还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为.例如:
get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)
get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)
get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)
get married(结婚)
5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态
(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来.例如:
1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态)
2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态)
3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)
(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语.例如:
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)
6.被动语态与系表结构的区别
(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)
(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态)
7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思
例1:The book is selling remarkably well.
例2:The song sounds very beautiful.
能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来).
例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).
能像need这样用的动词还有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等.
例4:The meat is cooking.
例5:The book written by the professor is printing.
英语时态表
英语时态表
|
时态 名称 |
结构 |
常连用的词 |
主要用法 |
例句 |
|
一般现在时 |
1 由be的is am are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。 |
every…, sometimes, always,never, often, usually等。 |
一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态，或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态 |
陈述句：I am an office worker. He is so lazy. They are at home now. She is not very beauiful. They are not in the office. |
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2 由实意动词V构成，引导疑问句和否定句，用do或don’t。第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es. |
陈述句：I work in Shanghai. He works at home. Davy never watches TV at home. Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either. 一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station? | |||
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一般过去时。 |
1由 be的过去式是 was或 were表示。Is\ am---was;are---were. |
yesterday, last week, an hour ago， the day before yesterday, in 1997。 |
在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 |
陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year. We were not at work yesterday. Was she in the office last week? |
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2由V的过去式构成陈述句，疑问句和否定句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。 |
陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon. We studied English there. He lived in HongKong. They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot. Did he work in Sunmoon? |
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时态 名称 |
结构 |
常连用的词 |
主要用法 |
例句 |
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一般将来时 |
1 任何人称+will+动词原形. |
tomorrow, next year, the month after next, in two hours. |
即将发生动作或状态。 |
陈述句：I will fly to KongKong tomorrow. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year. Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel? |
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2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示计划打算做什么事情。 |
陈述句：I’m going to go to Kongkong by air. 否定句:We are not going to buy a house here. 特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him? | |||
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过去将来时 |
was/were going to +V原形 |
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在过去将会发生的动作。 |
陈述句：I was going to buy a computer. They told me that they were not going to go abroad. 否定句:I was not going to buy a computer. |
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任何人称+would +V原形 |
He said he would come in in Shanghai. I said I would buy you a car one day. |
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时态 名称 |
结构 |
常连用的词 |
主要用法 |
例句 |
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现在进行时 |
is/am/are+Ving |
now, at the（this）moment Listen! (放在句首) |
表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 |
陈述句：I’m waiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now. We are enjoying ourselves. Is Tim cooking in the kitchen? Where are they having a meal? |
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过去进行时 |
was/were+Ving |
at that time at 10 o’clock last night at that moment等过去具体的时间 |
过去一段时间正在发生的动作。 |
陈述句：I was doing my homework at that time. We were having a party while he was sleeping. 否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night. |
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时态 名称 |
结构 |
常连用的词 |
主要用法 |
例句 |
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现在完成时 |
have/has +done（过去分词） |
already； just(not just now) yet；ever；never； for two weeks； for a year； for several days； since 2004 since last week |
用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说，就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。 |
陈述句：I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years. Tim hasn’t come yet. We haven’t heard any news about him 特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this company? |
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特别注意： |
1. have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。。。 | |||
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2. have/has gone to:去了。。。 They have gone to the cinema. |
3. have/has been to:表示去过或到过。。。 | |||
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过去完成时 |
had + done（过去分词） |
by the end of last year by last year |
动作发生在过去的过去。 |
陈述句：He said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished the work. He left the office after he had called Davy. 一般疑问句:Had she learnt English before she moved here? 特殊疑问句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year? |
补充：
一、情态动词can, must, may。may没有否定形式。
陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.
否定句：I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t（表示禁止） smoke in the office.
一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?
特殊疑问句： How can I get there? What must I do now?
由情态动词的过去式构成，can—could.
She could walk when she was one year old.
I could not speak English one year ago.
二、各种时态用法补充：
1、一般现在时
(1)在由after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
例：I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
我一看见他，就把消息告诉他。
(2)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。
(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。
例：Tomorrow at this time we’ll give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.
2、一般将来时
(1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或即将发生的事情。
例：I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
(2)be to +v表示计划安排将要做的事。
例：There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.
(3)be about to+v表示即将发生的事情。
例：We are about to start.
(4)be due to+v表示预先确定了的、必定要发生的事。
例：His book is due to be published in October.
他的书预定10月份出版。
(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth.强调即将发生的某种事态。
例：The country is on the verge of civil war.
这个国家就要打内战了。
3、现在进行时
(1)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always, continually, constantly等连用(多表示赞扬或厌恶等语气)。
例：John is always coming late. 约翰总是迟到。
(2)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词，即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有;go, come, leave, start, arrive,return等。
例：They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.
他们下个月去香港。
(3)有些动词一般不能使用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉”、“感情”、“存在”、“从属”等的动词。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感觉的动词)；hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的动词)；be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form(表示占有与从属的动词)；understand, know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表示思考、理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，有时也可使用进行时态。
例：Jane looks pale.What’s wrong with him?
珍妮看上去脸色苍白，她怎么了？(look在此为联系动词)
例：Jane is looking for his books.
珍妮正在寻找她的书。(look在此为实义动词)
4．完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时的强调形式。
5．完成时态
(1)现在完成时与与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系，如所发生的结果、影响等；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去表示某一时刻，不表示与现在的关系。
(2)完成时态可用在下列结构中：
This(That,it)is(was )the first(second….)time+定语从句：
This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名词+定语从句；This (This,It)is (was)+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时。
例1：This is the first time(that )I’ve drunk Californian champagne.
这是我第一次喝加利福尼亚香槟酒。
例2：There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
有人敲门，这是当天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。
6.动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望，预期，意图或愿望等没有实现。
例1：I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.
我本来打算星期一离开，但最终还是继续留下来了。
另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：
7.was / were+ to have done sth.
例1：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
我们本想昨天来的，但我们来不了。
8.intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done sth.
例：1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
我本想告诉你这件事，但我忘掉了。
9.过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：
(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+过去完成时(倒装形式)+when +过去时
例1：Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.
我一到达就有新问题要处理。
(2) no sooner+过去完成时(倒装形式)+than +过去时。
例1：No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
这话刚说出口，他就意识到他本该保持沉默的。
(3)by(the end of )+过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。
例1：By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.
到那年年底，亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票
英语时态一表通
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，同学们在实际应用中，往往对时态问题倍感棘手，下面我们就初中英语八种时态以列表的形式做一归纳比较。
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概念 |
时间状语 |
基本结构 |
一般疑问句 |
否定形式 |
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一般现在时 |
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 |
often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week, month),once a week, on Mondays, etc. |
1.be动词 2.行为动词 |
1.把动词be放于句首。 2.用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原为动词原形。 |
1.am/is/are+not 2.此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don’t；若主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn’t，同时还原行为动词。 |
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现在进行时 |
表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作或状态。 |
now, at this time, these days, etc. |
am/ is/ are +doing |
把be动词放在句首。 |
am/ is/ are +not +doing |
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一般过去时 |
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态； 过去 习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 |
ago, yesterday, last week(month, year…), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, etc. |
1. was/ were 2.行为动词过去式 |
1.把was或 were放于句首。 2.用助动词did提问，同时还原为动词原形。 |
1.was/were+ not 2. 在行为动词前加do在其前加didn’t，同时还原行为动词。 |
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过去进行时 |
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作或行为。 |
at this time yesterday或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 |
was/ were+ doing |
把was或were放在句首。 |
was/ were+ not+ doing |
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现在完成时 |
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的一向或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 |
have/ has +done |
already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently，in the past few years, 等，及由for或since引导的时间状语。 |
把have或has放在句首。 |
have/ has +not+ done |
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一般将来时 |
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 |
tomorrow，tomorrow morning/afternoon, the day after tomorrow ，next Sunday/week/year/month， soon, in a few days minutes, etc |
1.be going to +do2.will ／shall＋do |
1.be放在句首。2.will/shall提到句首。 |
1.be going to＋not+ do 2.will ／shall＋not+ do |
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过去完成时 |
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或情况。表示“过去的过去” |
by, before等构成的过去时间短语连用或用于when, before, until等引导的从句中。由said, asked, told, thought等引导的宾语从句中， |
had+ done |
had放于句首。 |
had+ not+ done |
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过去将来时 |
表示在过去的某个时候看来将要发生的动作或者存在的状态。 |
The next day(morning, year), the following month (week),etc. |
1.would+do 2.was/ were going to +do |
1.would 提到句首。 2.was 或were放于句首。 |
1.would+not+ do 2.was/were +not+ going to +do |
[NextPage]
时态专练
1. -Where is Frank now?
- He _______his bike in the yard.(北京海淀区)
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed
2. -You’ve left the light on, Tracy.
-Oh, yes. _________ to turn it off right now. (宜昌市)
A. I’d go B. I’ve gone C. I’ll go D. I go
3.“The World Without Thieves” is a very moving film. I ____ it twice already.( 陕西省)
A. will see B. see C. saw D. have seen
4. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ________ tens of thousands of visitors since l995.(上海市)
A) attracted B) attracts C) has attracted D) will attract
5. -Did you see the traffic accident yesterday?
-Yes. It happened when I past the museum.（苏州市）
A. walk B. am walking C. will Walk D. was walking
6. -Have you read this book?
-Yes．I____ it two weeks ago．（随州市）
A．is reading B．have read C．will read D．read
7.- What are you doing ,Jim?
-I _________a beautiful horse.（北京丰台区）
A. draw B. drew C. am drawing D. was drawing
8. They______ all their money, so they have to walk home now. （北京丰台区）
A. have spent B. spend C. spent D. are spending
9. Jim is a student and in Town High School.（武汉市）
A. studies B. studied C. had studied
10.Sandy his old friend Tom when he was crossing the street.（武汉市）
A. had met B. has met C. met
Keys: 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.C 8. A 9.A 10.C
