高考热点 定语从句
定语从句
定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目。它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（可以做从句的主语，宾语等）
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；
关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是 ，修饰先行词 ， “who”是引导定语从句的 ，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作 。
各个击破
1， 全面理解先行词
1.1 先行词不一定是一个词，也可以是短语，
The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer
1.2 正确找出先行词
观察下列句子，找出先行词
1. there is a very interesting remark in a book by a man who is a great American writer
2. There is a very interesting remark in a book by a man who is a great American writer that I read recently.
2. 弄清关系词的含义
Who whom which that
when where why
小试身手
Ø 指出下列句子中的先行词，关系词，主句和从句
以及关系词在从句中充当的成分并翻译下列句子。
1. I have a sister who works in
2. The woman whom we saw on the street got the job.
3. The place which he often visits is always full of artists.
4. You’re the only person whose advice he might listen to.
5. I still remember the days when we work together.
6. I can’t find the place where we met for the first time.
7. Is that the reason why you don’t like him?
小结 ：
指人：
指物
时间
地点
原因
翻译练习
1.Those want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
2 Mr Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.
刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
3 Football is a game is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
4 I still remember the day I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
5 The house is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
6 The person you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
7 I visited a scientist name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
8 Please tell me the reason you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(难点)
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Tomorrow I\'ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
We\'ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer we have often talked.
我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
He built a telescope ___ he could study the sky.
A. in which B. where
C. through which D. with which
I think the number of people ____ this happens is very large.
A. whom B. to whom
C. of whom D. for whom
注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? ？
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 。
All that can be done has been done. 。
There is little that I can do for you. 。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 。
例. There is nothing in the world __ can frighten him.
A. that B. which
C. who D. whom
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。
例题 1. They first went to a large room __ looked like a shop．
A. that B. which C. what D where
2 . Do you know everybody _ came to the party?
Almost, but I don’t know the one with _ you talked.
A . who, who B. which, which C. that, whom D. who, that
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school
他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。
例 The man and the horse __fell into the river were drowned(淹死).
A. which B. who
C. that D. of which
(二) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：
A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。
I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。
B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
例 I often think of the days____ we worked together and the days ____ we spent together on the farm.
A. when…which B. which…when C. in which…when D. which…in which
C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
例题1. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
2. Her parents wouldn’t allow her to marry anyone __ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom
C. of whose D. whose
3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. (00上海)
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
随堂练习
1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father?
A. whose B. who C. which
2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One.
A. when B. which C. who
3、Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A. who B. which C. whom
4. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. what C. which
6. The teacher for ____ you are waiting has come.
A. who B. whom C. that
7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose
8. This book is for the students ___ native(本国的) language is not English.
A. that B. of whom C. whose
9. The boy ___ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that
10、He prefers to eat the rice ___ in the north.
A. who is grown B. which is grown
C. when is grown
11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be found.
A. which B. who C. what
12、The room in ___ there are many books is mine.
A. that B. who C. which
13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when
14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. that C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that
16. It’s the most boring film ___ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. whose
17. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning.
A. which B. who C. that
18. I know all people ___ are from that village.
A. who B. that C. whose
19. There is no water ___ is needed badly.
A. which B. who C. that
20. Please take any seat ___ is free.
A. which B. that C. in which
21. That is the very book ___ I was looking for.
A. who B. that C. which
22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___ he owns.
A. who B. that C. which
23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which
1He is the man and you think you can depend on him
2. the goals no longer seemed important to him. He has fought for the goals all his life.
3. none of us had ever heard of Lily and we spend all night talk about her.
Homework
1. This is the job ______they laughed at.
A. which B. as C. it D. who
2.
A.where was B. that were C. which was D. where
3. Who was the grey-haired man ______at yesterday’s meeting?
A. we saw him B. we saw
C. we saw who D. whom was seen
4. The man ______is painting the house is my uncle.
A.he B.whom C.whose D.who
5. What is the animal ______baby is sleeping in its pocket?
A.who B.whose C.its D.which
6. This book is for the students ______native language isn’t English.
A.that B.of whom C.whose D.who’s
7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!I’ll shoot anyone ______moves!”
A.whom B.that C.who D.whose
8.The dictionary_____he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.
A.which B. for which
C.on which D. about which
9The boy_____parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.
A.whose B.who C.his D./
10.The man_______ is smoking is a bus driver.
A. whom B.who C. which D. what
根据汉语完成句子：
1.This is the engineer ________________________________
(给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day.
2.My necklace is not ________________________________. (唯一不见的东西).
3.The man______________________________________ (在这间房子里工作的)is an English teacher.
4.The old building_____________________________ (我们住的) has been here for 30 years.
5.The history book _______________________________
(封皮是黄的）was lost.
6.Here is the pen ________________________________ . (你昨天丢失的）
7.This is the best book_____________________________.
(我读过的）
8.I have lost the pen_______________________________. （我父亲给我买的）
9.Wheat is a plant______________________________
________________________. （中国北方 种植的）
10.I don’t like the people___________________________.
(说得多,做得少的）
